What does the term "ballistics" refer to in firearms practice?

The term "ballistics" specifically refers to the science of the motion of projectiles, which includes bullets fired from guns. This field encompasses various aspects, including how bullets travel through the air, their behavior upon impacting a target, and the factors that influence their trajectory and speed. Understanding ballistics is crucial for firearms practice as it helps in determining accuracy, effective range, and terminal performance of ammunition.

In relation to the other options, while gunpowder composition does play a role in the functioning of firearms, it is a narrower topic and does not capture the broader scope of ballistics. Analyzing firearm malfunctions is a different aspect of firearm safety and handling. The examination of target materials pertains to the materials being shot at and does not fall under the definition of ballistics. Thus, the correct representation of "ballistics" is indeed focused on the motion and behavior of projectiles like bullets.